SpaceX's Falcon Heavy Launches Mysterious US Military Spacecraft: X-37B's Intriguing Mission

SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy, a colossal rocket, once again soared into the night skies on Thursday, this time launching a mysterious spacecraft for the U.S. military, set to conduct cutting-edge investigations. Taking off from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 8:07 p.m. Miami time, the rocket carried the unmanned military spaceplane X-37B to unprecedented altitudes, with the live transmission available on SpaceX's website.

However, the exact destination of the spacecraft remains unclear.

The X-37B's activities in space have long intrigued and sparked speculation within the space community, with enthusiasts eagerly tracking its whereabouts and sharing theories about its missions.

Resembling a miniature version of NASA's space shuttle with tinted windows, the reusable and fully autonomous X-37B has explored concepts like transmitting solar power from space for use on Earth and studying the effects of radiation on seeds used for growing food.

This mission, the seventh journey into space for the X-37B, promises to be even more intriguing than its predecessors. Notably, it marked the first time the spacecraft hitched a ride on SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy, one of the world's most powerful operational rockets.

Previously, the X-37B had been launched on SpaceX's Falcon 9 vehicle and the United Launch Alliance’s Atlas V rocket, a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing. The Falcon Heavy generates more thrust than both rockets combined.

The choice of the Falcon Heavy for this launch could suggest that the X-37B is destined for more distant orbits, perhaps even the Moon or Mars, hinted Paul Graziani, CEO of COMSPOC, a company specializing in tracking objects in space.

If it ventures much deeper into the cosmos than previous flights, it could become considerably more challenging for sky observers on Earth to determine the spacecraft's whereabouts. Graziani added that if the military wants to keep the X-37B untraceable, it could cloak itself under the glare of the sun or employ other means, such as frequent repositioning. The X-37B has previously demonstrated its capability to execute multiple maneuvers in space.

COMSPOC will attempt to locate the spacecraft if it enters geosynchronous orbit, situated about 36,000 kilometers from Earth and where most mass communication satellites operate. This orbit is where the company focuses its satellite tracking sensors, explained Graziani and Bob Hall, COMSPOC's Director of Operations Integration.

"I think it's one of the most interesting things that has happened in space in a long time, regardless of what it's going to do," Graziani remarked about the X-37B launch.

Technological Space Innovations

The X-37B enables the U.S. to conduct experiments aimed at understanding how to improve ongoing and future space operations and expand the limits of what's possible, according to a statement from General B. Chance Saltzman, Head of Space Operations.

Among the research conducted on this mission is a NASA experiment aimed at finding ways to sustain astronauts on future deep-space missions. Named Seeds-2, it "will expose plant seeds to the harsh radiation environment of long-duration space flights" and will build on research from previous X-37B missions.

Learning to grow food in the harsh soilless environment of outer space could be crucial for astronauts on prolonged missions to the Moon or beyond, where supplying fresh food is more challenging.

It remains unclear how long the spacecraft will remain in orbit this time, although historically, each X-37B flight has been longer than the previous one.

The X-37B's last autonomous space journey concluded in November 2022, logging nearly 909 consecutive days in space. During that sixth mission, the spacecraft carried experimental technology designed by the U.S. Navy to harness solar energy and transmit it back to Earth, as reported by CNN.

The X-37B has already spent over 3,700 days in space on other unmanned missions. When it returns to Earth, it will land on a runway, akin to an airplane descending from the sky.

Challenging China

This launch follows over two weeks of delays. SpaceX was set to launch on December 10. However, the launch was postponed twice due to weather conditions and issues with the ground launch platform before SpaceX abruptly delayed the mission indefinitely for "additional system checks."

During the downtime, China, considered the primary competitor in the modern space race by the U.S. government, orbited its own secretive spacecraft.

Little is known about the Chinese spacecraft. Some in the industry speculate it is a counterpart to the X-37B in shape and function, although no official photos of the vehicle have been released.

China’s state news agency Xinhua reported that the secretive spacecraft was launched aboard a Long March 2F rocket.

The agency's publication only added that during its time in space, the vehicle will test reusable space technology and conduct unspecified scientific experiments "for the peaceful use of space."

The duration of the Chinese spacecraft's orbit remains unclear.

SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy launch vehicle successfully placed the U.S. Space Force’s X-37B test platform into orbit, continuing its experimental and largely classified mission.

The Dec. 28 mission marked the X-37B’s seventh launch. Manufactured by Boeing, the spacecraft serves as a testing platform for new technologies for both the Defense Department and NASA. Its maiden flight was in 2010.

"This was a very important mission and our teams worked shoulder-to-shoulder to ensure a successful launch," stated Brig. Gen. Kristin Panzenhagen, commander of Space Launch Delta 45.

While most of the X-37B's mission details and payload remain classified, one of its experiments includes a NASA project called Seeds-2, examining different seeds' reaction to long-term exposure to space radiation. The Space Force announced in November that the mission would also test "future space domain awareness technologies."

"These tests are integral in ensuring safe, stable, and secure operations in space for all users of the domain," the service noted.

The X-37B's previous mission, OTV-6, concluded in November 2022. During that mission, the vehicle included a service module enabling it to carry more experiments than earlier iterations. These experiments included the Naval Research Laboratory's Photovoltaic Radio-frequency Antenna Module experiment, which utilized solar power to create radio-frequency microwave energy, along with two NASA projects similar to Seeds.

That mission also carried FalconSat-8, a small satellite developed by the Air Force Academy.

Thursday’s launch was the second to utilize a SpaceX rocket and the first to be lifted off by the company’s Falcon Heavy vehicle. The first five missions were carried by the United Launch Alliance's Altas V rocket, while the sixth flew on SpaceX's Falcon 9.

Russia Unleashes Deadly Aerial Strikes on Ukraine

Russia launched 122 missiles and numerous drones targeting various locations in Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of at least 24 civilians and injuring over 130 people across the country, marking one of the most significant aerial onslaughts since the onset of the conflict.

The Ukrainian air force managed to intercept most of the ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and Shahed-type drones, mitigating some of the devastation caused by the attack. Ukrainian officials highlighted that this assault stands as the most massive aerial attack since Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022.

Concerns have arisen in Western circles, warning about Russia's strategic shift to stockpile cruise missiles for large-scale strikes during the winter, potentially aiming to weaken Ukrainian morale and resolve.

As the conflict remains stalemated due to winter conditions after Ukraine's unsuccessful summer offensive, Ukrainian officials urgently requested increased air defense support from Western allies to safeguard against such aerial assaults.

British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak condemned the extensive attacks, emphasizing the need for stronger global solidarity and support for Ukraine. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba echoed similar sentiments, urging increased international attention to Ukraine's ongoing needs in the face of such devastating attacks.

The assaults targeted various cities, including Kyiv, resulting in widespread casualties, injuries, and extensive damage to civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, residential buildings, and schools. The attacks caused chaos and destruction, highlighting the indiscriminate nature of the assault on civilian areas.

In the aftermath, local residents shared harrowing accounts of the attacks' impact, emphasizing the unpredictability and distressing reality of war's pervasive threat, even in seemingly safe areas.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy condemned the extensive use of weaponry by Russian forces, stating that the assault saw the deployment of nearly all types of armaments available to the Russian arsenal.

The attacks took a heavy toll across multiple regions, with cities like Dnipro, Odesa, Lviv, Kyiv, and Kharkiv facing substantial destruction and casualties. Buildings were damaged or destroyed, fires broke out, and numerous lives were lost or altered forever in the wake of this relentless barrage.

The widespread destruction and loss of life due to the recent attacks underscored the urgency for a stronger international response and increased support for Ukraine in its ongoing struggle for sovereignty and security against Russian aggression.

Venezuela Reacts to UK Warship near Disputed Guyanese Waters

Venezuela's President Nicolás Maduro has called for a defensive action in the Atlantic Ocean following the arrival of a British warship (HMS Trent) near Guyana's coast. Maduro announced the deployment, involving 5,682 soldiers, three ocean patrols, seven missile-launching ships, 12 Sukhoi planes, and eight amphibious vehicles, as a measure to protect Venezuela's interests and sovereignty.

The tension between Venezuela and Guyana over the Essequibo territory has resurfaced after Venezuela's decision to claim the region through a unilateral referendum. The Essequibo, a vast area rich in natural resources, has been historically disputed between the two nations, with Guyana asserting its territorial integrity based on an 1899 arbitration ruling.

Maduro vehemently criticized the arrival of the British warship, labeling it as a violation of recent bilateral agreements between Venezuela and Guyana aimed at resolving disputes through nonviolent negotiations. He considered the warship's presence a threat to peace and a breach of the established protocols between the neighboring countries.

In response, the United Kingdom urged Venezuela to cease its "unjustified actions" against Guyana, reiterating its support for Guyana's territorial integrity. The UK emphasized that the boundary between Guyana and Venezuela was established through international arbitration in 1899, opposing Venezuela's recent referendum claim.

Guyana's Vice President Bharrat Jagdeo, addressing concerns, assured that his country had no intention of initiating offensive actions against Venezuela. He emphasized Guyana's commitment to maintaining stability, avoiding any actions that might escalate tensions, and adhering to the agreement to resolve disputes peacefully.

This renewed dispute over territorial control and boundaries has reignited longstanding tensions between Venezuela and Guyana. The disagreement, now intertwined with legal complexities, has led Guyana to seek validation from the International Court of Justice, further complicating the historical conflict over the Essequibo territory.

During the maneuvers in the Atlantic, in response to the British warship's presence off the coast of Guyana, Venezuela has deployed 3 ocean patrol vessels, 2 logistical transporters, 3 multipurpose ships, 6 K8 fighter aircraft, 5 F16 fighter jets, and 12 Sukhoi SU-30 fighter planes.

The recent naval presence and increased military activities in the region reflect the rising geopolitical tensions, underscoring the delicate nature of the longstanding territorial dispute and its potential implications on regional stability.

USS Mason Repels Iranian Backed Houthi Attack in Southern Red Sea

 

The USS Mason of the Navy intercepted and neutralized a drone and an anti-ship ballistic missile in the Southern Red Sea, fired by Houthi rebels, according to the U.S. Central Command on Thursday.

The incident took place between 5:45 p.m. and 6:10 p.m. local time in Sanaa, as confirmed by U.S. officials.

This marks the 22nd attempted assault on international maritime vessels since October 19, as reported by CENTCOM. No damages or injuries were reported in this occurrence, which has become a routine challenge for U.S. vessels patrolling the Red Sea, aiming to establish and maintain order amidst the ongoing conflict between Hamaz and Gaza. Presently, there are 18 vessels operating in the region, and none have sustained damage from the nearly two dozen assaults.

Most of the weaponry used in these attacks, targeted at allied ships or in their proximity en route to Israel, have been linked to Iranian-backed factions, such as the Houthis, as indicated by CENTCOM.

In response to the threat posed by the Houthi militia, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on groups that have aided Iran with weaponry or financial support. Additionally, the multinational Operation Prosperity Guardian has been initiated to counter the escalating Houthi assaults.

Spanish Military to Bolster NATO Presence in Slovakia Against Russian Threat

The Spanish Army will begin deploying along the Russian border in January to protect NATO's eastern flank. Spain plans to deploy over 600 soldiers in Slovakia, along with Leopard and Pizarro combat tanks, armored vehicles, and potentially, Army helicopters, as reported by ABC.

This maneuver aims to bolster NATO's presence on its eastern flank, near the border with Russia. The decision was reportedly announced by the Spanish Prime Minister, Pedro Sánchez, during the NATO summit held in July in Vilnius, Lithuania.

The initial troops will be sent to the Slovak base in Lest in January, while the official mission will commence on July 1. Spain will thus assume leadership of the land battalion, previously commanded by the Czech Republic.

Additionally, military sources pointed out that the mission in Slovakia will be one of the most comprehensive operations of the Spanish Armed Forces to date and "will not have to go through the Congress filter," despite the National Defense Law requiring all operations conducted abroad, not directly related to Spain's defense or national interest, to obtain the Parliament's authorization.

Furthermore, the Ministry of Defense indicated that the maneuver is part of NATO's operation on the eastern flank, known as Enhanced Forward Presence, which is already active in Latvia. Thus, it is not a new operation but an extension of an existing one, as argued by the agency.

Even though the government almost certainly has parliamentary support – typically backed by the People's Party (PP) and Vox – the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) aims to avoid conflicts with Sumar and its coalition partners, traditionally critical on Defense matters.

Since March 2022, NATO has deployed troops in eight European countries: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary, and Bulgaria.

Leaked: Ongoing Negotiations for Transfer of Spanish Military Equipment, Including F-35 and Eurofighter Aircraft, S-80 Submarines, and F-110 Frigates, Initially Intended for the Spanish Armed Forces, to Catalonia's Future Army

To preserve the legislature, the Spanish government is engaged in negotiations with Catalan separatists for the transfer of military equipment from the Spanish Army to the future armed forces of the Republic of Catalonia, as indicated in the leaked draft of the State General Budget Law

At the close of each year, it is customary for detailed information about the draft of the General State Budget Law for the following fiscal year to be leaked, in this case, for the year 2024. These budgets are currently in a phase of intensive negotiations and are being significantly influenced by the Catalan nationalist party JUNTS X CATALUÑA, led by Carlos Puigdemont. This party, with a firm pro-independence stance, aims to hold a referendum on Catalonia's independence before the end of the legislative term. Among its priorities is the planning for the formation of an army in case of a declaration of independence, with funding envisaged through a fund designed to cover the initial needs of the eventual independent nation.

As evidenced in the draft corresponding to the section dedicated to the Ministry of Defense, it is projected that between 2024 and 2026, preparations will commence culminating in the transfer of significant and modern military equipment. The document details both the value of the material to be transferred and the associated costs for its adaptation and maintenance. It is noteworthy that even if Catalonia attains independence, the responsibility for maintenance will remain the charge of the Spanish Government's budget.

According to initial reports, it is anticipated that starting in 2024, the transfer of various equipment will take place, including: 2 F-100 frigates, 2 F-110 frigates, two S-80 submarines, 148 Leopard 2E tanks, 200 'Pizarro' vehicles, 192 8x8 wheeled 'Dragón' armored vehicles, 36 Eurofighter jets, 3 A400M transport planes, 12 NH-90 helicopters, and 6 Chinook CH-47 helicopters.

The news has sparked concern within the Spanish Navy, particularly regarding the potential transfer of two S-80 class submarines and two F-110 frigates, considered as 'the jewels of the Crown'. These vessels, currently under construction in the NAVANTIA shipyards in Cartagena and Ferrol, represent an awaited recovery for the Spanish submarine capability. Their eventual transfer could delay this recovery by several decades or even mean their definitive disappearance. Additionally, Spain would be deprived of the valuable F-110 frigates equipped with AEGIS systems, posing an operational challenge given the approaching end of the operational life of the F-80 class 'Santa Maria/Oliver H. Perry' frigates.

Finally, no F-35s for Spain, but for Catalonia instead.

Equally significant is the segment of the document that outlines the intention to procure new military equipment for the prospective Catalan army. Among other items, the acquisition of 5th-generation F-35A aircraft (48 units) and 18 F-35B vertical takeoff aircraft for the future Catalan navy is foreseen.

Additional sources from both the Air Force and Navy, who have also chosen not to be identified, express their profound frustration upon learning, in this manner, that the eagerly awaited, needed, and promised 5th-generation aircraft will ultimately be allocated to Catalonia.

Consequently, the Spanish Navy's 'Juan Carlos I' aircraft carrier would join the roster of ships for the Catalan Navy, as its use would no longer be necessary due to the planned decommissioning of the Harrier jets it currently operates before 2028. This information has not been officially documented to avoid causing excessive discontent among military personnel.

The Ministry of Defense of Spain neither confirms nor refutes these reports and has declined to comment on the matter at this time. They defer to the official publication of the General State Budget Bill with a laconic statement, "We will see about that."

Leaked visuals allegedly sourced from the Generalitat de Cataluña depict forthcoming promotional posters aimed at inspiring citizens to join the prospective Catalan armed forces.

Ukraine Confirms Downing Three Russian Su-34 Fighter Jets

Ukraine's President, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, celebrated the downing of two Russian fighter jets on Christmas Eve as a promising sign for the year ahead, marking the country's official observance of the holiday on December 25 instead of January 7. Additionally, Zelenskyy asserted Ukraine’s claim of destroying three more Russian fighter planes on a recent Friday.

Expressing confidence in the country's air defense capabilities, Zelenskyy praised Ukraine’s negotiation skills, its strengthened sky shield, and its defense against Russian aggression. However, his optimistic outlook arrives amidst growing worries about stalled battlefield progress and the uncertainty surrounding Western aid for Ukraine's war effort.

Russia claimed an advancement in the battle zone on Monday, asserting control over Marinka, a strategically located town west of Donetsk. Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu highlighted this advance as crucial in protecting Donetsk from potential attacks.

Amid these developments, Ukraine reported intercepting 28 Russian drones while its air defense forces shot down two Russian planes overnight. Tragically, these clashes resulted in one civilian fatality and at least four injuries in various Russian attacks over 24 hours.

Ukraine marked a significant change in its public holiday celebration by officially observing Christmas on December 25, moving away from the traditional January 7. The Orthodox Church of Ukraine, granted full recognition in 2019, further differentiated itself from the Russian Orthodox Church by embracing this change. Many Ukrainians welcomed this shift, viewing it as a step toward solidifying their cultural independence from Russia.

Meanwhile, the conflict in Ukraine continued, with the Ukrainian Air Force reporting the destruction of three Russian Su-34 fighter-bombers in southern Ukraine on December 22, following a threatening nighttime message from the Russian military.

The Ukrainian military's General Staff stated that since the full-scale invasion began, Russia has lost a total of 324 warplanes and helicopters, marking significant losses in aircraft. Specifically, the downing of Russian aircraft, including a Su-34 fighter-bomber near Mariupol and an attempted interception of a Su-30 fighter jet in the Black Sea near Odesa, were key recent developments.

Ukraine also reported air raid alerts and confrontations against Shahed drones in various regions, including missile attacks in Odesa and the downing of a Shahed drone. These hostilities indicate the ongoing intensity and unpredictability of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia.

The Dutch Government Confirms Supplying 18 F-16 Fighter Jets to Ukraine

The Netherlands officially announced the delivery of 18 F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine to aid in its struggle against Russia's invasion. In a statement made by Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte, he conveyed the decision to prepare and supply these aircraft to Ukraine during a phone conversation with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

The confirmed delivery follows earlier assurances in August regarding the supply of these planes, a move that aligns with Ukraine's requests for military assistance. Though the total number of aircraft to be provided was previously undisclosed, it's now confirmed that the Dutch military holds 18 non-operational F-16s out of a surplus, while the other 24 are operational.

Rutte emphasized the significance of this delivery, stating, "The delivery of F-16s is one of the most critical elements of the agreements made on military support for Ukraine." However, the delivery is subject to an export permit from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and compliance with specific criteria regarding personnel and infrastructure in Ukraine.

The decision underscores the Netherlands' steadfast commitment to bolstering Ukraine's response to the ongoing Russian aggression, confirming their continued support. The conversation between Rutte and Zelenskyy also addressed current military necessities, including artillery, drones, and air defense.

Moreover, the Netherlands has been instrumental in establishing a training center for F-16 fighter pilots in Romania. The center, used for instructing Ukrainian and Romanian pilots, currently houses five F-16 units from the Netherlands for a six-to-eight-month training program.

In addition, Rutte affirmed the Netherlands' dedication to facilitating Ukraine's EU accession talks, promising efforts to secure a financial support agreement of €50 billion at the February 2024 European Council meeting. This comes after Hungary's recent blockage of the EU's proposal for aid to Ukraine.

Zelenskyy expressed gratitude for the Netherlands' support in opening Ukraine's EU accession discussions and highlighted the significance of securing the EU assistance soon. The conversation also touched upon ongoing efforts to consolidate international backing for Ukraine's vision of a just peace, reaffirming the commitment to further Peace Formula discussions.

Spain Finalizes Acquisition of 16 C295 Aircraft for Anti-Submarine Warfare and Maritime Surveillance

The Spanish Ministry of Defence has sealed a deal for 16 Airbus C295 aircraft, slated for Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) and Maritime Surveillance Aircraft (MSA) configurations, marking a significant investment totaling €1.695 billion.

This strategic acquisition aims to bolster the national anti-submarine warfare capability and reinforce the surveillance, reconnaissance, and search & rescue capabilities of the Spanish Air and Space Force and the Spanish Navy.

Mike Schoellhorn, CEO of Airbus Defence and Space, emphasized, "The complete design and manufacture of these aircraft will be carried out within Spain, furthering the country's industrial defense capacity and ensuring its sovereignty. The Maritime Patrol version represents the most intricate C295 mission configuration to date, incorporating cutting-edge technologies to provide our customer with a substantial operational edge."

Included within the contract are comprehensive training systems, featuring a Full Flight Simulator and a Mission System Simulator, along with an initial logistics support package.

Functionally, the C295 MPA is set to take over the roles previously performed by the retired P-3 Orion fleet. Configured for anti-submarine, anti-surface warfare, and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions, it will also have the capacity to deploy armaments like torpedoes and various weapon systems. The MPA configuration boasts exceptional connectivity, enabling collaborative operations with different platforms across domains, and offers a flexible flying command-and-control center for diverse missions within the Spanish Armed Forces.

On the other hand, the C295 MSA serves as a natural successor to the CN-235 VIGMA aircraft fleet currently employed by the Spanish Air and Space Force since 2008. Primarily tailored for maritime and overland operations, it will play a pivotal role in counter-smuggling, anti-illegal immigration, anti-drug trafficking, and both national and international search-and-rescue missions.

The synergy between these two configurations is expected to be significant. Furthermore, the Spanish Air and Space Force manages a fleet of 13 Airbus C295 aircraft in transport configuration.

The assembly of these aircraft is slated to take place at Airbus’ military facilities located in Seville, Spain.

Slovenia Welcomes First of Two Advanced C-27J Aircraft

Leonardo has successfully delivered the initial C-27J Next Generation aircraft to the Slovenian Ministry of Defence as part of the Italy-Slovenia Government-to-Government (G2G) Agreement inked on November 17, 2021. This milestone marks the first of two aircraft committed under this bilateral agreement.

The aircraft boasts cutting-edge avionics featuring a glass cockpit equipped with five multifunctional color screens, a radar designed for tactical transport missions, robust communication systems, a satellite connection, ballistic protection, and winglets that enhance its aerodynamic performance significantly.

Within the scope of the G2G Agreement, Leonardo, in collaboration with the Air Armaments and Airworthiness Directorate of the Secretariat General of Defence / National Armaments Directorate, has finalized two contracts in the past couple of years. Each contract encompasses one aircraft alongside logistics and training services. The selection of the C-27J by the Slovenian Ministry of Defence perfectly aligns with their diverse operational requirements, catering to transport and projection capabilities essential for international missions. Moreover, it bolsters their capacity for national initiatives such as rescue missions, disaster relief, and firefighting duties.

The Slovenian program plans to utilize the C-27J in a specialized fire-fighting configuration. It will be outfitted with the cutting-edge MAFFS II (Modular Airborne Fire-Fighting System) from United Aeronautical Corporation, a globally renowned entity specializing in aerial firefighting application systems.

 

U.S. Army to Reduce Black Hawk Fleet by 8% in Preparation for Future Assault Aircraft

The U.S. Army is set to reduce its UH-60 Black Hawk fleet by about 8%, cutting approximately 157 helicopters from its active-duty component. This reduction is part of the preparation for introducing the Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft (FLRAA) in the early 2030s as a replacement.

Last year, Textron-Bell’s V-280 Valor tiltrotor aircraft was chosen to replace the 40-year-old Sikorsky-made UH-60. The Army plans to replace the Boeing-made AH-64 Apache attack helicopter with the Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft and is currently evaluating competitive demonstrator aircraft from two companies.

McCurry emphasized the importance of balancing current readiness with future procurement and fielding. The Black Hawk fleet grew to over 300 aircraft from the early 2000s to support higher end strength during deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan. With a smaller force today, the Army no longer requires the entire fleet, reducing it from 2,135 to 1,978 aircraft.

The removal of the oldest Alpha and Lima models from the active component aims to reduce the fleet's age, lower long-term maintenance needs, and address critical parts challenges. The Army plans to sell these Black Hawks through Foreign Military Sales transactions or exchange and sales programs, each estimated at around $2 million per aircraft.

The timeline for removing these helicopters from the fleet is yet to be determined, pending fleet health assessments by Program Executive Office Aviation and Army Aviation and Missile Command. Additionally, the Army intends to upgrade its Mike-model Black Hawks and provide Victor models, identical to the Mike model, to the Army National Guard.

However, efforts to equip Black Hawks with new engines through the Improved Turbine Engine Program have been delayed due to technical and supply chain issues. The Army also plans to assess the size of the Boeing-manufactured CH-47 Chinook cargo fleet to align with the service’s force structure and end strength.

While the CH-47 Chinook fleet is under review, the AH-64 Apache attack helicopters will not undergo a similar examination at this time due to existing shortages resulting from recent losses.

Spanish Navy Monitors Russian Submarine in Spanish Waters

The Spanish Navy has been closely monitoring the presence of a Russian submarine and its support vessel for several days in Spanish territorial waters. The patrol boat "Centinela," based at the Military Arsenal of Ferrol, set sail on December 11 to carry out this monitoring after the submarine was detected in the country's exclusive economic zone. For two days, amidst challenging weather conditions, the Spanish patrol boat continued surveillance, following the transfer of escort duty from the French frigate FS Auvergne to the "Centinela" to track the submarine towards the Finisterre traffic separation scheme.

During the early hours of December 14, at the maritime border with Portugal, the Spanish patrol boat handed over monitoring of the submarine to the Portuguese military forces, concluding its task and returning to its base in Ferrol. Subsequently, the frigate "Santa María" took charge of monitoring the Russian submarine as it transited through Spanish waters in the Mediterranean.

These operations are part of the ongoing Presence, Surveillance, and Deterrence tasks carried out by the Navy under the coordination of the Maritime Operational Command (MOC) and the operational control of the Operations Command (MOPS). The monitoring of the Russian submarine and its support vessel was directed by the MOC as part of its routine activities to maintain security and protect areas of national sovereignty and interest. The role of the "Centinela" patrol boat in these missions is highlighted, which includes maritime surveillance and security operations, assistance in combating criminal activities, and its capability to conduct maritime interdiction operations and sea assistance when required.

Canada's Defense Ministry Announces Deployment of Griffon Helicopters to Latvia in NATO Reinforcement Initiative

Canada's Defense Minister Bill Blair announced plans to dispatch four Bell CH-146 Griffon multi-role helicopters to Latvia as part of a NATO deterrence mission during his visit to the Baltic country. The decision comes in the wake of discussions between Blair, Chief of Defence Staff Gen. Wayne Eyre, and Latvian leaders, accompanied by a visit to Canadian troops stationed at Camp ?dazi, located near Riga, where Canada heads a NATO battle group.

As a response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, NATO has strategic intentions to expand brigades along its eastern flank. Within this initiative, Canada had previously disclosed its intent to augment its troops in Latvia to approximately 2,200 by 2026, including the contribution of a squadron comprising 15 Leopard 2 tanks alongside associated personnel.

The tanks have already been delivered to Latvia, and an estimated 130 troops are anticipated to arrive next spring. Additionally, the arrival of the four Griffon helicopters is scheduled for next summer, signifying Canada's renewed tactical aviation presence in Europe since its involvement in missions in Kosovo and Bosnia during the 1990s and early 2000s.

Canada's Royal Canadian Air Force operates a fleet of 85 Griffons, in service since the 1990s. In a move to prolong their operational life until the 2030s, an $800-million upgrade contract was announced in 2022. The initial upgraded helicopter is slated for readiness next year, with all upgrades projected to conclude by 2028. Besides, Canada plans periodic deployments of Chinook helicopters to Latvia starting in the fall of 2025.

Furthermore, Canada has earmarked $15 million for infrastructural enhancements at Camp ?dazi, which currently accommodates around 1,700 troops, including 800 Canadians. The facilities at Camp ?dazi are visibly strained, necessitating improvements.

Canada's commitment involves deploying anti-armor weaponry and a short-range air defense system alongside its NATO contingent in Latvia in 2024, laying the groundwork for augmenting its presence to a complete brigade by 2026. Blair also announced plans for air defense radar and anti-drone systems to safeguard NATO troops in Latvia from the following year onward.

Canada leads NATO's Forward Enhanced Battle Group in Latvia, with 1,000 soldiers and an intended increase to 2,200 troops by 2026. Spain, contributing over 620 troops with armored fighting vehicles and tanks, partners with Canada in the NATO Battle Group. Notably, this represents the most extensive deployment of soldiers outside their respective home countries for both Canada and Spain.

Ukraine to Receive Mi-17E Helicopters from Argentina in Unexpected Diplomatic Gesture

 

Argentina’s recent decision to transfer two Mi-17E transport helicopters to Ukraine marks a significant diplomatic shift and strategic move in both nations’ military affairs. This decision, made during Ukrainian President Zelenskyy’s visit to Buenos Aires, stands as a testament to Argentina's revised foreign policy under its new leadership.

Initially acquired from Russia, these Mi-17E helicopters were utilized for logistical support in Antarctica. However, operational challenges arose due to difficulties in obtaining spare parts caused by sanctions. Despite these obstacles, the United States facilitated the transfer by offering Argentina a financial incentive. This deal involved offsetting the helicopters' cost against Argentina’s planned purchase of F-16 fighter jets from Denmark.

The maneuver not only strengthens Ukraine’s aerial capabilities for troop and supply transportation but also aids Argentina in its military modernization efforts, potentially at a reduced cost. Furthermore, it underscores Argentina’s commitment to upholding international order and supporting Ukraine’s territorial integrity, sending a clear message of solidarity to the international community.

The Argentine Air Force (FAA) had been operating two Mil Mi-171E helicopters for Antarctic operations since 2011. These helicopters, managed by Grupo Aéreo 7 from BAM Mariano Moreno in Buenos Aires, were utilized for general transportation and Search and Rescue (SAR) missions. Specifically adapted for Antarctica, the Mi-171Es were equipped with extra fuel tanks, a loading crane, and featured a distinct bright orange upper fuselage.

Despite their crucial role in Antarctic operations, maintaining these helicopters proved challenging for the FAA, especially concerning spare parts procurement and overhauling. The situation worsened after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Consequently, the United States urged Argentina to donate the helicopters to Ukraine, despite opposition from the outgoing Argentine government.

With the new Argentine government in place, finalizing the terms of the donation will take place soon. The United States is actively seeking ways to compensate Argentina for the helicopters. Meanwhile, the FAA will need to address the void created by the Mi-171Es' retirement from supporting Argentine Antarctic operations.

Dutch Court Denies Request to Block Transfer of F-35 Fighter Jet Parts to Israel from The Netherlands

A Dutch court on Friday rejected a request by a group of human rights and humanitarian organizations to order a halt to the transfer to Israel of parts for F-35 fighter jets.

The organizations went to court Dec. 4 arguing that delivery of parts for the aircraft makes the Netherlands complicit in possible war crimes being committed by Israel in its war with Hamas. The parts are stored in a warehouse in the Dutch town of Woensdrecht.

In a written statement, the Hague District Court said the judge who heard the civil case concluded that the government of the Netherlands “weighed the relevant interests” before agreeing to the delivery of parts.

Lawyer Liesbeth Zegveld told the court that the Dutch government decided to continue transferring F-35 parts to Israel even after the deadly Oct. 7 attacks by Hamas triggered the Israel-Hamas war. 

Spanish Armada's Frigate 'Victoria' Heads for Rescue Mission of Hijacked Bulgarian Ship in the Arabian Sea

On Friday, the Spanish Navy's frigate Victoria embarked on a rescue mission for a Maltese-flagged vessel potentially seized by pirates in the Arabian Sea. The Foreign Ministry stated their inability to establish contact with the ship's crew, leaving the perpetrators behind this alleged abduction unknown.

Currently, the frigate is heading towards the location where the ship suspected of piracy was sighted. This marks the second incident in recent weeks involving the Spanish vessel. Previously, it intercepted another Iranian-flagged fishing vessel assaulted by criminals in the same area.
Spain's participation in the EU-led mission, EUNAVFOR Atalanta, aims to safeguard maritime security. The mission's social media account reported the recent episode, stating, "Based on preliminary information, the Spanish-flagged vessel Victoria is swiftly advancing towards the presumed pirate-seized ship to gather further intel and evaluate subsequent actions, in coordination with the Bahraini Navy."
The Rota Naval Base Operations Center in Spain received an alert on Thursday regarding the alleged hijacking of the Maltese-flagged merchant ship "RUEN," approximately 500 nautical miles east of Socotra Island in the northwestern Indian Ocean.
Bulgaria's government later confirmed the ship's identity, indicating it has 18 crew members from Bulgaria, Myanmar, and Angola. The vessel belongs to Bulgaria's state-owned company, Navibulgar. However, the identity of the group behind the ship's seizure—whether pirates or Houthi rebels, a militia linked to Iran controlling Yemen's west coast—remains uncertain. Foreign Ministry sources informed EFE news agency that communication with the abducted crew is impossible due to disconnected satellite phones.
EUNAVFOR closely monitors and assesses the situation alongside maritime security partners and combined maritime forces. The frigate speeds toward the area for enhanced intel gathering and evaluating further actions in coordination with security partners.
This incident is the Victoria's second engagement since joining the mission on September 22. Previously, it intervened in tracking the Iranian fishing vessel Al-Meraj 1 on suspicion of piracy, enabling Somali police forces to act against suspects and liberate the fishing crew unharmed, as confirmed by Atalanta's commander, Vice Admiral Ignacio Villanueva Serrano.
The mission, operational for fifteen years, protects merchant vessels, including those from the World Food Programme, navigating areas prone to pirate attacks in Somalia, Kenya, or Sudan.
EUNAVFOR continues to monitor recent piracy-related events in the Operational Area, the Northwestern Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea, urging registration at the Maritime Security Centre - Horn of Africa Voluntary Reporting Portal for a more effective response in collaboration with ATALANTA, Armed Forces, and security partners. Although the operation has stabilized the situation, recent incidents highlight the persistent threat.
Bulgarian officials emphasize the lack of identification of attackers and emphasize the need for discretion in negotiations. Navibulgar assured that there's no immediate threat to the crew and has contacted their families. Captain Dimitar Dimitrov, President of the European Confederation of Maritime Captains' Associations, hinted at a possible piracy attack due to the scarcity of information, emphasizing the necessity of discreet negotiations for resolutions.

Maiden Flight of Spanish Navy's NH90 Tactical Transport Helicopter

On December 15, the first NH90 assigned to Armada Española (Spanish Navy) made its maiden flight at the Airbus Helicopters facilities in Donauworth, Germany. This MSPT version (Maritime Transport Spain) will primarily focus on transport and amphibious assault functions.

Delivery to Armada Española is expected in May 2025, once all systems are certified, and the assigned personnel complete their training. Given that it's a new and more advanced model, this process will take approximately a year.

These helicopters, along with others of the same version, will be assigned to the newly established 14 Escuadrilla, which will operate seven NH90s. It is expected that all of these will be delivered by the end of 2026.

This milestone for the Navy occurred days after two Airbus Helicopters H135s arrived at the Rota naval base from the Albacete factory.

The NH90s will replace the Sikorsky SH-60F, used as a temporary solution, as well as the Sikorsky SH-3D of the Fifth Squadron, retired in 2022, and the Agusta Bell AB-212 of the Third Squadron, scheduled for retirement in July 2024.

The construction of these initial seven NH90s for the Navy will take place at Airbus Helicopters facilities in Donauworth. The rear fuselage will be assembled in Albacete, then sent to Germany for final assembly of the helicopters. After testing in Germany, the helicopters will be transferred to Albacete for final certification, mission system installation, and delivery to the Navy.

In Rota, facilities used by the Sixth Squadron will be demolished to build a new hangar for the NH90s.

The NH90 MSPT incorporates improvements such as an automatic folding system for the rotor blades and rear fuselage, a new exhaust gas outlet system, transmission, engine management, AIS location system, and increased takeoff capacity. Additionally, it will be equipped with a floating beacon to emit GPS signals in case of an accident.

In summary, these NH90 MSPT helicopters, intended for the Spanish Navy, represent a new era in transport and amphibious assault capabilities, marking a significant technological advancement for Spain's maritime operations.

"Leading Company Proposes an Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Aircraft to Spain to Fill Critical Capability Gap"

INDRA, a Spanish company specializing in defense technology, unveiled a significant project at the November 2023 International Fighter Conference in Madrid. During the event, they presented a detailed video showcasing the capabilities of a modified Bombardier Global 6000 aircraft.

The video prominently displays a Bombardier Global 6000 transformed into a SIGINT (Signal Intelligence) aircraft with the livery of the Spanish Air Force, explicitly showcasing the aircraft in the colors and with the titles 'Ejército del Aire y del Espacio' (Spanish Air Force).

The aircraft exhibits Integrated Airborne Signal Intelligence Solution and Air SIGINT systems developed by INDRA. Highlighted aspects and functions in the video include the capacity for monitoring the entire spectrum, real-time depiction and information management, data analysis, data fusion, collaborative functions, and air command and control.

This project bears similarity to the one undertaken by the German Luftwaffe involving three Global 6000 business jets set to become the Luftwaffe's new fleet of Pegasus SIGINT aircraft. These jets are currently undergoing extensive modification in Wichita, Kansas, with an expected service entry in 2026 and final deliveries in 2028.

The introduction of this system developed by the Spanish company is expected to fill a capability gap within the Spanish Air Force, which currently lacks dedicated intelligence aircraft. In 2015, the Spanish Air Force decommissioned the Boeing 707 351C Electronic Warfare aircraft, nicknamed 'The Spectrum Queen,' previously assigned to the 47 Mixed Group at Torrejón Air Base.

The Boeing 707 had the capability to intercept, monitor, and record communications or signals across the electromagnetic spectrum. It could detect and listen to enemy unit communications, map radars up to 500 kilometers away, and even video-record a target from a distance of 100 kilometers.

Since the retirement of the Boeing 707, the Spanish Air Force has tested at least one prototype intended as a replacement. This prototype, a Gulfstream G500 SEMA equipped with electronic surveillance technology, proved unsatisfactory and was discarded as a substitute for the B-707. Israel, a country that collaborated with Spain in the Boeing 707's service entry, possesses two similar aircraft modified by Israel Aerospace Industries.

Following these developments, INTEL SIGINT missions continued using a C-212 Aviocar and a Falcon 20 for electronic warfare, albeit with significantly reduced capabilities compared to the Boeing 707. However, these aircraft have also been retired.

Budgetary constraints have hindered the acquisition of a new SIGINT platform since then, exacerbated by strong public spending restrictions imposed by the European Union on Spain since 2012.

Given the critical nature of such missions for gaining an advantage in potential conflicts, Spain's neighbor, Morocco, has planned the acquisition of four G550 AEW aircraft for surveillance, warfare, and electronic intelligence missions. These aircraft will be equipped in Israel by IAI and are already in service in Australia, Israel, Italy, and Singapore.

Moreover, Spain recently retired its last operational Lockheed P-3M Orion maritime patrol aircraft in December 2022, leaving a gap in the Spanish Air Force's capability for maritime patrols and long-range search and rescue (SAR) missions.

To address this gap, Airbus will supply 16 C295W aircraft. Six of these will serve in maritime patrol (MPA) roles, while the remaining 10 will conduct maritime surveillance (MSA) missions. These aircraft will feature the latest Fully Integrated Tactical System (FITS) and mission-specific systems enabling anti-submarine warfare operations. Additionally, it appears these aircraft will be equipped with a magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) system.

Spain's Armada Awards Kongsberg Contract for NSM Naval Strike Missiles

The recent contract awarded by Spain's Naval Armada to Kongsberg for NSM (Naval Strike Missiles) marks a pivotal step in the country's maritime defense capabilities. Valued at 305 million euros, this agreement signifies a strategic advancement in Spain's naval armament and highlights the trust placed in Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace's expertise in providing cutting-edge missile systems.

The NSM, slated to equip the F-110 class frigates, represents a significant enhancement in Spain's naval firepower. These advanced missiles are set to be integrated into the vessels currently under construction by Navantia, reinforcing the country's maritime security posture. Furthermore, the NSM deployment extends to the F-100 frigates, undergoing mid-life upgrades, as well as prospective future naval assets.

Spain's selection of the NSM in 2022, procured through the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA), underscores its commitment to acquiring state-of-the-art naval weaponry. Notably, this contract stands as Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace's inaugural missile contract managed by the NSPA, reflecting a milestone achievement in their collaboration with NATO members.

Simultaneously, Kongsberg is set to establish a cooperative framework with Spain's General Directorate of Armament and Material (DiGAM). This initiative aims to maximize Spanish industry involvement, potentially integrating local entities into the global missile supply chain. Additionally, plans for establishing a comprehensive life-cycle maintenance unit for NSM at the Rota Naval Base, in coordination with the local industry, represent a significant leap in technological and industrial cooperation.

The collaboration between Kongsberg, the Spanish Navy, and NSPA is poised to foster greater synergy among NATO member states utilizing NSM. This cooperative endeavor is anticipated to contribute to the advancement of the NSM program and bolster regional support for Kongsberg's missile initiatives.

The NSM's adoption by Spain adds to the growing roster of nations deploying this advanced anti-ship missile system. Joining the ranks of countries like Norway, Poland, Malaysia, Germany, the United States, Romania, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Belgium, Spain's choice further solidifies the NSM's reputation as a preferred choice among naval forces worldwide.

This significant contract reinforces Kongsberg's commitment to advancing missile technology, prompting the company to scale up production capacity to meet the growing demand for NSM. As Spain gears up for the deployment of NSM-equipped F-110 frigates and modernized F-100 units, the nation strengthens its maritime defense capabilities, ensuring a robust and formidable naval presence in the region.

Germany Orders 82 Airbus H145M Helicopters for Military Modernization and to Phase Out Highly Troubled Tiger Combat Helicopters

 

Germany Orders 82 Airbus H145M Helicopters for Military Modernization and to Phase Out Tiger Combat Helicopters

Germany has initiated a significant overhaul of its military helicopter fleet with the procurement of up to 82 light-attack versions of Airbus Helicopters' H145 twin-engine aircraft. This acquisition, announced as the largest order for the armed H145M model, is designed to temporarily replace the German Army's Tiger attack helicopters, which have encountered operational challenges.

The decision, confirmed by the German Parliament's budget committee on December 13, led to an immediate commissioning of Airbus to supply the helicopters by Germany's defense materiel agency—the Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology, and In-Service Support.

The €100 billion ($109 billion) special fund allocated for military modernization in Germany will finance this procurement. Alongside the aircraft, the purchase includes spare parts, eight simulators, training for both flight and technical personnel, and operational services over a seven-year period.

Of the 82 helicopters, the German Army will receive 57 units, while the Luftwaffe's special forces will acquire five, supplementing the 15 H145Ms already in service. There is an option for an additional 20 helicopters, bringing the total potential procurement to 82.

The strategic shift towards H145M helicopters, recognized as a "lightweight attack helicopter" (LKH) by the German defense materiel agency, underscores a reevaluation prompted by geopolitical events such as Russia's actions in Ukraine. These new helicopters are expected to serve a multi-role purpose for both the army and the air force.

Notably, the H145M, with its adaptable mission capabilities, is poised to fill various roles, including light attack, training, and liaison tasks. Germany's choice of an available helicopter type, already in use by special forces and in rescue missions, aligns with the immediate operational requirements and negates the need for costly type transfers.

Airbus Helicopters' CEO Bruno Even expressed pride in securing the order, emphasizing the H145M's operational versatility and Airbus's commitment to a prompt delivery schedule. The first batch of helicopters is slated for delivery in 2024, less than a year after the contract signing.

These helicopters will be equipped with HForce, a weapon management system developed by Airbus, enabling training consistency for pilots and operational personnel. The H145M, a variant of the H145 family, known for its reliability, will play a pivotal role in enhancing Germany's military capabilities.

This procurement marks a substantial advancement in Germany's military modernization efforts and signals a strategic transition to advanced and adaptable helicopter technology, ensuring heightened defense readiness in response to evolving security challenges.