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Mar 30, 2026

🇨🇴 Colombia moves toward C-390 acquisition following presidential directive

 


Colombia has taken a step toward acquiring the Embraer C-390 Millennium following a directive from President Gustavo Petro. According to reports, the decision sets in motion the process to replace part of the country’s ageing transport fleet.

The Fuerza Aérea Colombiana has long relied on the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, but fleet availability has become an increasing concern. A recent accident involving a Hercules has added further pressure to accelerate a replacement.

At this stage, the directive should be understood as a political decision rather than a completed acquisition. No contract has been announced and key details, including the number of aircraft and delivery timeline, remain undefined.

The C-390 has emerged as the leading candidate due to its payload, modern systems and regional presence. The next step will be the formalisation of the procurement process, which will determine whether the current direction translates into a confirmed order.

🇮🇹 Italian Navy explores Bayraktar for its Cavour

 


The Italian Navy is reportedly exploring the use of the Bayraktar TB3 as a carrier-based UAV, with the Cavour emerging as a potential operating platform. While no formal acquisition has been announced, the concept aligns with the Navy’s growing interest in expanding its unmanned capabilities at sea.

The TB3 has been designed for ship-based operations, featuring folding wings and short take-off capability, making it compatible with carriers without catapult systems. This places it within a niche segment of naval UAVs suited to platforms like the Cavour or the LHD Trieste.

A key factor behind the credibility of this option is the existing cooperation between Baykar and Leonardo. Any potential acquisition would likely be framed within this industrial partnership, allowing for the integration of Italian systems and aligning the platform more closely with European requirements.

At this stage, the TB3 should be understood as one of several possible options rather than a confirmed program. However, the combination of operational fit and industrial cooperation makes it a plausible candidate as the Italian Navy continues to define its future unmanned aviation capability.

🇦🇷 Argentina’s F-16s enter flight training phase



Argentina’s F-16 Fighting Falcon fleet has reportedly entered the flight training phase following its arrival in December 2025. After several months without visible activity, initial flying operations now appear to be underway.

The period immediately after delivery was focused on integration. Infrastructure, logistics and pilot preparation needed to be established before any flight activity could begin. This explains the absence of operations in the early months.

Flight training is being conducted from Río Cuarto, with support from Top Aces. The involvement of a contractor reflects a structured approach to pilot conversion and the rapid build-up of operational capability.

The start of flight operations marks a transition from delivery to operational development. Early sorties are expected to focus on familiarisation and the gradual build-up of pilot proficiency.

Germany moves to relaunch FCAS amid growing tensions

 


According to Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Germany is making a renewed effort to relaunch the FCAS programme at a time when internal tensions and industrial disputes have pushed it to the brink.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz has stated that he is willing to do “everything” necessary to ensure the success of the project, marking a clear political shift after months of stagnation and uncertainty.

At the core of this renewed push is the appointment of mediators tasked with breaking the deadlock between the main industrial actors. A German and a French representative are expected to present concrete proposals before the end of April, suggesting that the situation has reached a critical phase where political intervention is now unavoidable.

On the French side, former head of the DGA, Laurent Collet-Billon, has been appointed as mediator. His profile is particularly relevant: an experienced negotiator with a track record in complex defence-industrial agreements, including the creation of KNDS. His involvement signals that Paris is taking the mediation process seriously.

The underlying issue remains the long-standing dispute between Dassault Aviation and Airbus over workshare and leadership of the Next Generation Fighter, the core element of FCAS. This disagreement has effectively stalled progress for months and raised doubts about the programme’s viability.

Merz himself admitted that earlier this year he was close to abandoning the project altogether, highlighting how fragile the situation had become. His decision to push forward appears driven less by industrial logic and more by strategic considerations, particularly the need for Europe to retain autonomy in key defence technologies.

From a broader perspective, FCAS was originally conceived to reduce dependence on the United States in critical areas such as upgrades, software control, and next-generation combat systems. However, shifting political priorities in Germany following the end of Donald Trump’s presidency contributed to a loss of momentum, leaving the programme in a prolonged state of uncertainty.

Now, with mediation underway and a clear deadline in place, the coming weeks could prove decisive. The success or failure of this process will likely determine whether FCAS can be stabilised—or whether Europe’s most ambitious defence aviation programme risks fragmentation.

In that sense, the current effort is less about advancing the programme and more about preventing its collapse.

Mar 29, 2026

Los cazas que podría operar España en un futuro portaaviones CATOBAR

 

La posible construcción de un portaaviones con sistema CATOBAR abriría un abanico completamente nuevo de opciones para la Armada española. A diferencia del actual LHD Juan Carlos I, limitado a aeronaves STOVL como el Harrier o el F-35B, un portaaviones CATOBAR permitiría operar cazas convencionales con mayor carga, alcance y versatilidad.
Los estudios de viabilidad ya apuntan a una ala embarcada de hasta 30 aeronaves, lo que situaría a España en un nivel completamente distinto dentro de la aviación naval europea.
En ese contexto, varias opciones empiezan a tomar forma, aunque con planteamientos muy distintos entre sí.

F/A-18 Super Hornet 


El F/A-18E/F Super Hornet se presenta, probablemente, como la opción más continuista para España en un escenario CATOBAR. Diseñado desde su origen para operaciones embarcadas, cuenta con décadas de experiencia en la Armada estadounidense, lo que le aporta una base operativa sólida y un sistema logístico plenamente maduro. Además, la experiencia previa española con la familia Hornet facilitaría una transición relativamente natural, tanto en la formación de pilotos como en el mantenimiento.
Sin embargo, se trata de un caza de cuarta generación en un entorno cada vez más condicionado por amenazas más avanzadas. Aunque sigue siendo una plataforma muy capaz, su relevancia a largo plazo en escenarios de alta intensidad genera dudas, especialmente a medida que los sistemas de quinta generación se generalizan. En este sentido, podría ofrecer una solución pragmática y de bajo riesgo en el corto plazo, pero con limitaciones claras a medida que evolucionen las necesidades operativas.

Rafale 


El Dassault Rafale M representa, probablemente, la alternativa europea más coherente en un escenario de portaaviones CATOBAR. Es, a día de hoy, el único caza no estadounidense plenamente operativo en este tipo de plataformas, lo que le otorga una ventaja significativa: no se trata de una solución teórica, sino de un sistema ya probado en servicio real. Su elevada polivalencia y su integración en el ecosistema industrial europeo encajan bien con las aspiraciones de autonomía estratégica que España ha venido mostrando en distintos programas de defensa.
Sin embargo, el componente industrial introduce algunas incertidumbres. Francia opera actualmente una flota relativamente limitada de Rafale M —en torno a unas cuarenta unidades— y el futuro de su sustituto naval dentro del programa FCAS sigue siendo incierto en su vertiente embarcada. En ese contexto, no es evidente que la producción del Rafale M se mantenga a largo plazo, lo que podría condicionar tanto la disponibilidad futura del modelo como su evolución.
Aun así, su elección también implicaría concentrar una parte importante de las capacidades en un único proveedor, en este caso Francia, algo que históricamente España ha tratado de evitar manteniendo cierto equilibrio entre socios. Además, aunque se trata de un caza muy avanzado dentro de su generación, su evolución tecnológica se sitúa por detrás de las plataformas de quinta generación. Pese a ello, en términos de equilibrio entre capacidades, viabilidad e integración política, el Rafale M se perfila como una de las opciones más realistas.


F-35C Lightning II 


El F-35C representa la opción más avanzada desde el punto de vista tecnológico en un escenario CATOBAR. Diseñado específicamente para operar desde portaaviones con catapultas, incorpora capacidades de baja observabilidad, sensores de última generación y una integración plena en entornos de guerra en red, lo que lo sitúa en una categoría claramente superior a los cazas de cuarta generación. Además, su uso por parte de la Marina estadounidense garantiza un alto grado de interoperabilidad con aliados clave y una base operativa ampliamente consolidada.
Sin embargo, su posible adopción por parte de España no puede analizarse únicamente en términos técnicos. En los últimos años, España ha descartado la adquisición del F-35B, en parte debido a las implicaciones de dependencia tecnológica asociadas al programa, un factor que también estaría presente en la versión naval. La integración en el ecosistema del F-35 implica un grado elevado de control externo sobre mantenimiento, actualizaciones y gestión de sistemas críticos, lo que plantea interrogantes en términos de soberanía operativa.
En este contexto, aunque el F-35C ofrecería la solución más avanzada desde el punto de vista militar, su adopción estaría condicionada por consideraciones políticas, industriales y estratégicas que van más allá de sus capacidades puramente operativas.


Hürjet 


El TAI Hürjet introduce una variable distinta dentro del debate, alejándose de los cazas embarcados tradicionales para situarse en un enfoque más ligero y potencialmente disruptivo. Aunque concebido originalmente como entrenador avanzado y avión de combate ligero, el desarrollo de una versión naval por parte de Turkish Aerospace Industries abre un escenario que, hasta hace poco, no formaba parte del análisis. Este movimiento coincide, además, con la decisión española de adquirir hasta 30 Hürjet dentro del programa Saeta II, lo que sugiere una convergencia interesante entre necesidades operativas e industrialización a medio plazo.
En paralelo, la Armada española se enfrenta a un problema estructural evidente: la retirada progresiva de los Harrier en la próxima década y la ausencia de un sustituto STOVL tras descartarse el F-35B. En ese contexto, un sistema más ligero, con menores costes de adquisición y operación, podría ofrecer una solución intermedia para preservar la aviación embarcada sin asumir las cargas económicas y logísticas asociadas a cazas pesados como el Super Hornet, el Rafale M o el F-35C. La posible evolución del Hürjet hacia una plataforma naval —con refuerzos estructurales, gancho de apontaje y adaptación a operaciones embarcadas— refuerza esa hipótesis.
Además, la creciente relación industrial entre España y Turquía aporta una dimensión adicional. La combinación de la experiencia española en construcción naval y operaciones embarcadas, junto con el desarrollo aeronáutico turco, podría sentar las bases de una solución conjunta más accesible y sostenible en el largo plazo. Sin que exista confirmación oficial de un vínculo directo entre ambos programas, la coincidencia temporal y estratégica resulta difícil de ignorar. En este sentido, el Hürjet no debe entenderse tanto como un sustituto directo de los cazas embarcados convencionales, sino como una posible vía para redefinir el modelo de aviación naval española en términos más realistas desde el punto de vista presupuestario y operativo.


Mar 27, 2026

🇵🇹 Portugal moves to replace the Chipmunk with new basic trainer aircraft

The Portuguese Air Force appears to have taken a long-awaited step toward modernising its pilot training system, with reports indicating the signing of a contract for seven new basic trainer aircraft. While the exact model has not been disclosed, the move would mark the beginning of the end for one of the oldest aircraft still in military service in Europe.

According to available information, the contract has been awarded to World Aviation SL and is valued at approximately €7.2 million. The package reportedly includes seven aircraft along with two flight simulators, with deliveries expected within a relatively short timeframe of six to ten months.

Although details remain limited, the overall structure of the deal provides useful clues. The cost suggests a lightweight platform, most likely a basic trainer designed for initial flight instruction rather than advanced or turboprop training roles. This would place the future aircraft in the same category as modern entry-level trainers used to introduce new pilots to fundamental flying skills before progressing to more complex systems.

What makes this development particularly notable is the aircraft it is set to replace. The de Havilland Chipmunk has been in service for decades and represents a training philosophy from a very different era. While it has remained a reliable platform, its continued use highlights the gap between legacy systems and modern training requirements.

🇵🇱 Poland and the F-35: signals of a potential 64-aircraft expansion


Recent reports from Polish defence specialist  
Krystian Pograniczny suggest that Poland could be preparing to expand its fleet of F-35 Lightning II aircraft, potentially moving beyond its current order toward a significantly larger force structure. While no official announcement has been made, indications point to the possible submission of a Letter of Request (LOR) for additional units in the near future.

Poland originally committed to 32 F-35A aircraft, marking a major step in its transition toward fifth-generation capabilities. 

The possibility of expanding the fleet to 64 aircraft—effectively doubling the initial order—would represent a substantial increase in capability. Structurally, this would translate into four operational squadrons, providing greater flexibility in force deployment and sustained operations.

One of the more notable aspects of these reports is the apparent shift away from alternative options. In particular, earlier discussions around acquiring air superiority platforms such as the F-15EX Eagle II now appear to have lost momentum. If confirmed, this would suggest a clearer strategic focus on a single fifth-generation platform rather than a mixed fleet approach.

From a planning perspective, the timing of a potential LOR would be significant. Submitting a request early is often necessary to secure favorable production slots, especially for high-demand platforms like the F-35. 

It is important to emphasize that these developments remain unconfirmed but the broader trend is consistent with Poland’s ongoing military modernization efforts. 

Mar 26, 2026

🇺🇦 Unconfirmed footage suggests Saab 340 AEW&C in Ukrainian service


Recent footage circulating on social media has raised the possibility that Ukraine may already be operating the Saab 340 AEW&C, a platform pledged by Sweden as part of a military aid package announced in 2024. The aircraft were committed as a donation by the Swedish government, although no official confirmation has been issued regarding their delivery or operational status. The appearance of the aircraft in what is believed to be Ukrainian airspace has drawn attention from analysts and observers.

The video, reportedly first shared on Telegram, shows an aircraft equipped with the distinctive Erieye radar mounted above the fuselage. The footage itself lacks clear indicators such as location or date, which initially led to some skepticism. However, its characteristics align with known configurations of the Saab 340 AEW&C, making it difficult to dismiss outright.

If the footage is indeed authentic, it would suggest that the platform has already entered operational use, potentially after a period of pilot training and infrastructure preparation that has been ongoing since the Swedish announcement. Earlier reports had already hinted at movements of similar aircraft toward Ukraine, including flight tracking data associated with callsigns such as “WELCOME”.

The introduction of an airborne early warning capability would represent a significant shift for the Ukrainian Air Force. Unlike ground-based radar systems, an aircraft like the Saab 340 AEW&C can detect and track targets over much greater distances and with fewer limitations imposed by terrain or low-altitude flight profiles. This becomes particularly relevant in a conflict environment where cruise missiles, drones and low-flying aircraft play a central role.

Another key factor is the potential integration with Western-supplied fighter aircraft. If connected through data links such as Link 16, the Saab 340 could act as a central node, sharing real-time targeting information with platforms like F-16s or even Dassault Mirage 2000. In that role, the aircraft would not just extend detection range, but also improve coordination and response times across the air defense network.

At the same time, the lack of official confirmation leaves several open questions. It remains unclear whether the aircraft shown is fully operational, whether Ukrainian crews have completed training, or whether the necessary integration with other systems has been finalized. 

What makes this development particularly noteworthy is its timing. The gradual arrival of Western aircraft and systems into Ukrainian service has been a phased process, often accompanied by limited visibility and delayed confirmation. The possible appearance of the Saab 340 AEW&C fits within that pattern, where operational capability may precede public acknowledgment.

For now, the Saab 340 remains a platform officially promised but not formally declared in service. However, the emergence of visual evidence—however inconclusive—suggests that its role in Ukraine’s air defense architecture may already be taking shape behind the scenes.


Mar 25, 2026

Argentina’s push to rebuild its armed forces through privatization funds


Argentina has announced a new initiative aimed at rebuilding its long-neglected military capabilities by allocating 10% of revenues from privatizations to a dedicated defense fund. The measure, confirmed by presidential spokesperson Manuel Adorni under the administration of Javier Milei, reflects a broader attempt to address decades of underinvestment in the country’s armed forces.

Since the Falklands War in 1982, Argentina’s military has faced persistent budgetary constraints, limited modernization, and the long-term effects of international embargoes and political restrictions. As a result, many of its platforms have aged without adequate replacement, leaving significant capability gaps across all branches.

The newly proposed funding model seeks to bypass traditional budget limitations by linking defense spending to revenues generated from the sale of state assets, including public companies, land, and other government holdings. Estimates suggest that between $1.5 and $3 billion could be raised over time, depending on the pace and success of privatization efforts.

This approach does not guarantee a steady flow of funds, but it provides a potential mechanism to finance major acquisitions without placing additional strain on Argentina’s fiscal balance. In that sense, it represents both a financial workaround and a political signal: defense is once again being framed as a long-term state priority.

Recent developments suggest that this shift is already translating into concrete steps. Argentina has moved forward with the acquisition of Danish F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters, marking a significant upgrade in its air combat capabilities. At the same time, discussions are reportedly underway regarding the possible procurement of UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, which would enhance tactical mobility, logistics, and rapid deployment capabilities.



Beyond aviation, the broader modernization effort also appears to include plans for new naval assets, armored vehicles, and potentially even submarine programs. While many of these initiatives remain at an early or exploratory stage, they point to a more comprehensive attempt to rebuild Argentina’s military posture after decades of relative stagnation.

From a strategic perspective, the initiative can be interpreted as an effort by the Milei administration to confront a long-standing structural issue. Rather than relying solely on incremental budget increases, the government is attempting to inject capital into the defense sector through extraordinary means, leveraging privatization as a funding source.

Whether this model proves sustainable will depend on multiple factors, including the success of privatizations, political continuity, and broader economic conditions. However, the intent is clear: Argentina is seeking to reverse years of decline and reestablish a minimum level of credible military capability.


Mar 24, 2026

Spain partners with South Korea to produce a K9-based howitzer and replace its M109 fleet


Spain has taken a significant step in the modernization of its land forces by partnering with Indra and South Korea’s Hanwha Aerospace to develop a new self-propelled artillery system based on the K9 Thunder.

What matters here is not just the platform selected, but the industrial model behind it.

The program is expected to be substantial in both scale and ambition. Current plans point to the acquisition of around 128 self-propelled howitzers, supported by a wider ecosystem of command, recovery, and ammunition resupply vehicles. The overall effort is designed to replace Spain’s aging M109 fleet and will likely extend well into the next decade, reflecting both the complexity and strategic importance of the project.


However, this is not a straightforward off-the-shelf purchase. Spain is not simply buying the K9. Instead, the agreement is structured around local development and production, with Spanish industry expected to take a leading role. This includes adapting the platform to national requirements, integrating domestic systems, and potentially positioning Spain as a future exporter within the European market.

Production will be centered in Spain, . The , which is being upgraded to support the program. 

In practical terms, the K9 serves as a technological foundation rather than a final product. The end result will likely be a “Spanishized” variant, shaped by local operational needs and industrial priorities. This approach mirrors a broader trend across Europe, where countries increasingly seek not just capability, but control over production and sustainment.

Production is expected to take place primarily in Spain, with a key industrial hub in Gijón. Hulls of the new howitzers are expected to be manufactured at Indra’s El Tallerón facility. Final integration of systems, however, will likely take place at a separate facility within Spain, still to be officially disclosed.

In previous K9 programs in countries such as Poland or Turkey, initial units were manufactured in South Korea before production gradually shifted to local facilities. This approach allows for faster initial deliveries while domestic industry builds up expertise and infrastructure.

At this stage, there is no official confirmation that Spain will follow the same path. Still, given the established export model of the K9 and the scale of the program, it would be a credible and logical scenario that early units could be produced in South Korea before full-rate production begins in Spain.

The choice of the K9 is not accidental. Over the past decade, it has emerged as one of the most widely adopted self-propelled artillery systems among NATO-aligned countries, offering a balance of mobility, firepower, and reliability. Its growing user base also brings advantages in terms of interoperability and long-term support.


🇦🇷 Argentina in talks to acquire UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters

 


Argentina’s interest in the UH-60 Black Hawk has resurfaced once again, following renewed contacts with the United States. While no agreement has been finalized, recent meetings suggest that the possibility of acquiring the platform is back on the table after several stalled attempts in recent years.

The potential deal is being discussed within the framework of ongoing defense cooperation between Buenos Aires and Washington. High-level engagements, including meetings at the Pentagon, point to a structured negotiation process rather than an early-stage inquiry. However, as with previous efforts, discussions remain conditional and far from a signed contract.

Argentina is not currently an operator of the Black Hawk in a military sense. Although a VH-60 variant exists in a presidential transport role, the country’s armed forces do not field the helicopter as part of their operational fleet. This distinction is important, as the acquisition would represent not just an expansion, but the introduction of a new capability.




From an operational perspective, the Black Hawk would address a clear requirement. Argentina’s rotary-wing fleet has long relied on upgraded Huey platforms, which continue to serve but are increasingly limited in terms of payload, range and survivability. A transition to the UH-60 would significantly enhance tactical mobility, particularly in demanding environments and in support of ground forces.

This is not the first time Argentina has pursued the platform. Previous acquisition attempts, including a formal process launched in recent years, were ultimately halted due to financial constraints. Budgetary limitations remain a key variable, and will likely determine whether current talks progress beyond the negotiation stage.

Beyond the platform itself, any potential acquisition would also involve training, logistics and long-term sustainment considerations. These elements are often decisive in shaping final outcomes, particularly for countries seeking to introduce a new system into their force structure.



🇳🇬 Nigeria advances C-295 talks following Airbus visit in Spain

 

The Nigerian Air Force has once again signaled its interest in the CASA C-295, following a high-level visit to Airbus Defence and Space facilities in Spain in March 2026. While no contract has been signed, the visit offers a clear indication that the platform remains under serious consideration as part of Nigeria’s ongoing effort to strengthen its airlift capabilities.

The delegation, led by Chief of the Air Staff Air Marshal Sunday Kelvin Aneke, spent several days engaging directly with both operators and industry. At Getafe Air Base, home of the Spanish Air and Space Force’s 35th Wing, the Nigerian team was introduced to the operational profile of the aircraft. The briefings focused on how the C-295 performs in day-to-day missions such as troop transport, logistics support, medical evacuation and humanitarian operations, highlighting its flexibility and relatively low operating footprint.

From an operational perspective, this kind of profile aligns closely with Nigeria’s current needs. The ability to sustain operations over long periods, often in demanding environments, makes platforms like the C-295 particularly attractive for air forces balancing capability with cost and availability.

The visit then shifted to Madrid, where discussions with Airbus Defence and Space centered on the aircraft’s global track record and the support structure behind it. Beyond the platform itself, Airbus emphasized training, logistics and long-term sustainment, areas that are often decisive in procurement decisions but receive less public attention.

One of the more forward-looking aspects of the visit was a briefing on the SIRTAP, a next-generation unmanned system designed for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions. Its potential integration with manned platforms points toward a broader operational concept rather than a standalone acquisition.

The final stop in Seville provided a closer look at the industrial side of the program, with the delegation touring the production lines where both the C-295 and the Airbus A400M Atlas are assembled. Seeing the manufacturing process firsthand often plays a key role in shaping confidence in both the platform and its long-term supportability.



Nigeria’s interest in the C-295 is not new, but it has yet to translate into a firm order. Financial constraints and competing priorities have slowed progress in the past, and the program remains in a tentative phase. At the same time, alternative platforms such as the Embraer C-390 Millennium are also part of the wider conversation, adding another layer of complexity to the decision.

What is clear, however, is that Nigeria is actively exploring options to modernize its transport fleet. The C-295 continues to stand out as a practical and proven solution, but until a contract is signed, it remains a candidate rather than a confirmed acquisition.

Mar 23, 2026

🇩🇪 Germany’s First F-35A Enters Final Assembly Phase

(Image: Lockheed Martin)

Germany’s F-35 program continues to move forward, with the first F-35 Lightning II aircraft for the Luftwaffe reaching a key production milestone. The jet has now entered the final assembly phase at Lockheed Martin’s Fort Worth, Texas facility.

After progressing through the mile-long production line, the aircraft was lifted by an overhead crane into the final assembly station.

At this stage, the airframe has been structurally completed, with its wing, forward fuselage, center fuselage and aft fuselage joined.

These sections were aligned and integrated using an advanced electronic mate and alignment system, supported by laser-guided tooling—one of the defining features of F-35 production.

For the first time, the aircraft is in a “weight-on-wheels” configuration, marking a visible step toward completion.

During final assembly the engine will be installed, control surfaces will be added and final onboard systems will be integrated. 

Following final assembly, the aircraft will undergo painting and surface finishing and application of its low-observable (stealth) coating

These steps will prepare the jet for its first flight and official rollout, expected later this year.

This aircraft is one of the first eight German F-35As currently in production. Major assembly for these jets began in December 2024 at the Marietta, Georgia facility.

The German F-35 Program in Context

Germany finalized a contract in December 2022 to acquire 35 F-35A aircraft, in a deal valued at approximately €10 billion, including aircraft and engines, mission systems and weapons and support equipment and training and logistics

The F-35A will replace Germany’s aging Tornado fleet and ensure continuity of key operational roles within NATO, including the nuclear-sharing mission.

Key program elements:

  • Main operating base: Büchel Air Base
  • Initial pilot training: Ebbing Air National Guard Base
  • First deliveries: expected between 2026 and 2027
  • Full operational capability: around 2030
  • Industrial Participation and Local Integration

Germany is also working to expand its role within the F-35 industrial ecosystem with development of local industrial capabilities, participation in component manufacturing and involvement of companies such as Rheinmetall in fuselage-related production.

Potential Expansion of the Fleet

Recent reports suggest that Berlin is considering expanding its F-35 fleet beyond the initial 35 aircraft.

Some sources indicate discussions that could lead to the acquisition of additional jets, potentially doubling the fleet size. However, no final decision has been confirmed.

The entry of Germany’s first F-35A into final assembly marks a significant step in the program’s timeline. Beyond its industrial importance, it signals steady progress toward the introduction of a new generation capability within the Luftwaffe.

As production advances and deliveries approach, attention will increasingly shift from manufacturing to operational integration.


Mar 22, 2026

Los aviones de combate que el Ejército del Aire nunca llegó a operar

 


El Ejército del Aire español dispone actualmente de dos cazas principales: el Eurofighter Typhoon, en servicio desde mediados de los años 2000, y el F/A-18 Hornet, que sustituyó progresivamente a los veteranos F-4 Phantom.


Tras la Guerra Civil y el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el proceso de modernización de la aviación de combate española se centró fundamentalmente en material de origen estadounidense. Durante las décadas de 1950 y 1960 se incorporaron aviones como el F-86 Sabre y, posteriormente, el F-4 Phantom. De forma transitoria, antes de la entrada en servicio del Phantom, el Ejército del Aire llegó también a operar el F-104 Starfighter.

A finales de los años sesenta, sin embargo, España comenzó a percibir la necesidad de reducir su fuerte dependencia del material militar estadounidense, cuya utilización podía verse condicionada por vetos políticos, especialmente en relación con posibles conflictos coloniales. En este contexto, Francia se presentó como un socio alternativo natural. España mantenía buenas relaciones con París, en parte debido al apoyo prestado en los conflictos coloniales franceses en el norte de África, lo que facilitó que a finales de esa década comenzaran las primeras conversaciones sobre la adquisición del Mirage III.

A comienzos de los años setenta se incorporaron los primeros Mirage III, que constituyeron los primeros cazas de combate adquiridos nuevos específicamente para el Ejército del Aire y que comenzaron a sustituir a los ya veteranos F-86 Sabre. Con ello se abrió una etapa de colaboración con Francia que, además de la adquisición de aeronaves, permitió a España obtener importantes contrapartidas industriales.

La llegada de los primeros F-4C Phantom a principios de los años setenta no impidió que continuara esta cooperación. En 1973 se firmó la compra de un primer lote de 15 Mirage F1, destinados a equipar la recién creada Ala 14 en la base aérea de Albacete. Las tres primeras unidades fueron entregadas en junio de 1975.

Estas experiencias, unidas al proceso de transición política que comenzaba a experimentar España, contribuyeron a abrir el camino hacia una progresiva reducción de la dependencia militar respecto a Estados Unidos. En 1977, ante la necesidad de continuar modernizando la flota de combate del Ejército del Aire, se planteó la posibilidad de adquirir un nuevo pedido de entre 40 y 50 Mirage F1, entonces uno de los cazas más avanzados disponibles en el mercado occidental. Finalmente, esta opción se materializó y, en 1982, un total de 73 Mirage F1 habían sido entregados y se encontraban operativos en la base aérea de Albacete.

Sin embargo, la progresiva apertura política de España hacia la democracia también pudo haber facilitado que comenzaran a considerarse otras alternativas que anteriormente resultaban más difíciles de contemplar, debido al aislamiento internacional derivado del carácter autoritario del régimen. Resulta paradójico que algunos de los países que criticaban la situación política española no mostrasen, sin embargo, reparo alguno en permitir que millones de sus ciudadanos eligieran España como destino turístico estival, atraídos por su clima, su patrimonio histórico y cultural y unos precios especialmente competitivos.

En ese contexto, a mediados de los años setenta pudieron haberse considerado diversas opciones de cazas que, finalmente, nunca llegaron a formar parte del inventario del Ejército del Aire.

Saab 37 Viggen (Suecia)


Dentro del panorama aeronáutico europeo de mediados de los años setenta, el caza sueco Saab 37 Viggen representaba una de las propuestas tecnológicamente más avanzadas de su generación. Diseñado para operar en las particulares condiciones estratégicas de Suecia, el aparato destacaba por su sofisticada aviónica, sus capacidades de ataque a baja cota y su capacidad para operar desde pistas cortas o improvisadas.

Sin embargo, su coste de adquisición era considerablemente elevado para la situación económica española de la época. Además, en los primeros años de la transición democrática española, la socialdemocracia sueca mantenía estrictos condicionantes políticos en materia de exportación de armamento, lo que podía dificultar una eventual venta.

A pesar de ello, dentro de la política española de diversificación de proveedores y de reducción de la dependencia del material militar estadounidense, el Viggen pudo haber figurado entre las opciones potencialmente consideradas para la modernización de la flota de combate del Ejército del Aire.

SEPECAT Jaguar (Francia-Reino Unido)


El SEPECAT Jaguar fue diseñado originalmente para ser empleado por la Royal Air Force británica y el Armée de l’Air francés en misiones de apoyo aéreo cercano y ataque nuclear táctico dentro del marco estratégico de la Guerra Fría. Se trataba de un avión concebido principalmente para penetración a baja cota y ataques contra objetivos terrestres fuertemente defendidos, con una notable capacidad de carga y una buena autonomía para misiones de ataque profundo.

A pesar de estas cualidades, el concepto operativo del Jaguar respondía a necesidades muy específicas de las fuerzas aéreas francesa y británica. El diseño estaba fuertemente orientado al papel de cazabombardero táctico, con capacidades más limitadas en misiones de superioridad aérea o interceptación.

Históricamente, el Ejército del Aire español ha buscado en sus aviones de combate un elevado grado de polivalencia, de modo que un mismo aparato pudiera asumir tareas de defensa aérea, interceptación y ataque al suelo. Desde esta perspectiva, el Jaguar representaba un diseño demasiado especializado para las necesidades operativas españolas.

Además, en aquellos años España ya había iniciado una estrecha relación con la industria aeronáutica francesa a través de los programas Dassault Mirage III y posteriormente Dassault Mirage F1, aviones que ofrecían un perfil más equilibrado entre capacidades de combate aire-aire y ataque al suelo. En consecuencia, la adquisición de nuevos Mirage resultaba una opción más coherente tanto desde el punto de vista operativo como logístico para la modernización de la flota de combate española.

Lockheed F-104 Starfighter (Estados Unidos)



El Lockheed F-104 Starfighter fue uno de los cazas más extendidos dentro de las fuerzas aéreas de la OTAN durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970. A mediados de los años setenta formaba parte del inventario de numerosos países europeos, entre ellos Países, Bélgica, Grecia, Turquía, Italia, Noruega y Dinamarca. 

El aparato llegó a adquirir una cierta mala fama en algunos países debido a la elevada tasa de accidentes registrada durante sus primeros años de servicio, especialmente en Germany, donde fue apodado popularmente “el avión de las viudas”. Sin embargo, la experiencia española con el Starfighter fue mucho más limitada. El Ejército del Aire llegó a operar un pequeño número de estos interceptores a finales de los años sesenta y principios de los setenta, sin registrar accidentes durante su periodo de servicio.

En Europa, el F-104 estaba siendo producido bajo licencia en varios países. Se fabricaba en Belgium, Germany y Netherlands dentro del programa de producción europeo, mientras que en Italy se desarrolló una versión profundamente modernizada conocida como F-104S Starfighter, que prolongó la vida operativa del modelo durante décadas.

En teoría, el Starfighter podría haber figurado entre las opciones disponibles cuando España comenzó a estudiar nuevas adquisiciones de cazas en los años setenta. Sin embargo, varios factores jugaban en su contra. Por un lado, el país se encontraba en plena transición política tras el final del régimen franquista, lo que ya había provocado retrasos en programas como el del Dassault Mirage F1. Por otro, la obtención de una licencia de producción para España habría resultado compleja en un momento en el que otros países europeos ya participaban en el programa industrial.

Además, el F-104 representaba un diseño claramente asociado a la generación de cazas de los años sesenta. Aunque algunas versiones modernizadas, como la italiana, permanecerían en servicio hasta comienzos del siglo XXI, el modelo comenzaba a quedar superado por aeronaves más modernas y polivalentes. Por estas razones, el Starfighter difícilmente podía considerarse una solución adecuada para las necesidades futuras del Ejército del Aire, lo que contribuyó a que esta opción fuese finalmente descartada.

EL PROGRAMA FACA

A finales de los años 70, el Ejército del Aire y del Espacio se apoyaba en una flota numerosa pero heterogénea: alrededor de 70 Mirage F1, unos 30 Mirage III, cerca de 70 F-5 y unos 40 F-4 Phantom.

Era una fuerza respetable, pero con un problema evidente: buena parte de esos aviones alcanzarían los 20 años de servicio en la década de los 90. La sustitución no era una opción, era una necesidad.

De ahí nació el programa FACA, cuyo resultado final sería la adquisición del F/A-18. Pero el camino hasta esa decisión estuvo lejos de ser simple.

F-16 (Estados Unidos)


El único competidor que realmente puso en aprietos al Hornet fue el F-16 Fighting Falcon.

Para su evaluación, un F-16B neerlandés (J-260) se desplazó a la Base Aérea de Torrejón. No era un mero trámite: España lo consideró seriamente.

El F-16 destacaba en combate cerrado, pero el F/A-18 ofrecía algo más importante para el contexto español, como mayor polivalencia, más radio de acción, mayor capacidad de cargay la seguridad de ser bimotor

En un escenario que incluía el Atlántico, el Mediterráneo y el norte de África, ese último punto pesaba mucho más de lo que parece sobre el papel.

Mirage 2000 (Francia)


El Dassault Mirage 2000 era, a comienzos de los 80, uno de los cazas más avanzados del momento. Su éxito exportador lo confirmaría años después.

Tras la llegada al poder del nuevo gobierno en 1982, se pidió incluir opciones europeas en la evaluación, y el Mirage 2000 entró en escena.

Sin embargo, fue descartado por su menor polivalencia frente al F/A-18 España ya operaba una importante flota de Mirage (F1 y Mirage III)

Depender aún más de un único proveedor no parecía prudente. Mantener el equilibrio entre suministradores —Estados Unidos y Francia— era una prioridad.

Aun así, el propio gobierno llegó a plantear una solución mixta: Mirage 2000 para defensa aérea y otro sistema para ataque a tierra.

Tornado IDS (Alemania, Francia, Reino Unido)


Ese “otro sistema” era el Panavia Tornado IDS.

Diseñado para ataque a baja cota, el Tornado era fruto de la cooperación europea y respondía a necesidades muy concretas de la Guerra Fría.

Su posible incorporación tenía lógica dentro de un esquema combinado con el Mirage 2000, pero también pudo ser una herramienta de negociación para obtener compensaciones industriales en programas estadounidenses.

No ayudaron, además, las advertencias operativas. En 1983, pilotos alemanes llegaron a señalar los inconvenientes del aparato, lo que terminó de enfriar cualquier opción real.

F-5E (Estados Unidos)



Aunque el F-5 ya estaba en servicio, su evolución, el F-5E, no encajaba en lo que España buscaba.

El programa FACA no pretendía un sustituto continuista, sino un salto generacional. El F-5 simplemente no jugaba en esa liga.

F-14 y F-15 (Estados Unidos)



En el extremo más ambicioso estaban el Grumman F-14 Tomcat y el McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle.

Eran los iconos de la superioridad aérea estadounidense, y su posible interés no era casual. España observaba con preocupación su entorno estratégico, el eje Canarias–Estrecho–Baleares.


En plena Guerra Fría, vecinos como Argelia y Libia, estaban equipados con avanzadas versiones de cazas soviéticos como el MiG-23 y el MiG-25.



En ese contexto, plataformas como el F-14 o el F-15 representaban la respuesta más contundente posible.

Pero la realidad se impuso, por el coste extremadamente elevado, restricciones tecnológicas y probablemente limitaciones políticas nunca pasaron de ser opciones teóricas


Mar 18, 2026

Marruecos, los rumores del Su-35 y el Su-57 argelino: una señal estratégica

 


Recientemente han circulado rumores sobre la posibilidad de que Marruecos esté evaluando la adquisición de hasta 30 cazas rusos Su-35. La noticia ha aparecido en medios turcos y ha sido recogida por publicaciones como La Razón. Sin embargo, un análisis más detallado sugiere que no se trata tanto de una intención real de compra, sino de una estrategia de señalización geopolítica.

Rumor del Su-35 vs realidad operativa

El Su-35 es un caza de generación 4.5 con excelentes capacidades aire-aire y multirrol. En teoría, podría incrementar significativamente la capacidad de la fuerza aérea marroquí. Pero en la práctica, existen obstáculos importantes:

  • Dependencia logística de Rusia
  • Riesgo de sanciones estadounidenses bajo la ley CAATSA
  • Incompatibilidad con plataformas occidentales existentes como los F-16
  • Riesgo de tensar la alineación estratégica con Estados Unidos e Israel

En conclusión, la adquisición del Su-35 es altamente improbable desde un punto de vista operativo.

El objetivo real: el F-15



Marruecos ya opera el F-16 Fighting Falcon, muchos modernizados a estándares avanzados. Sin embargo, frente al incremento de capacidades de Argelia, Rabat necesita un salto cualitativo:

  • Superioridad aérea real
  • Mayor capacidad de carga y alcance
  • Mejor radar y opciones de guerra electrónica

El F-15 representa un objetivo mucho más realista y compatible con el ecosistema occidental en el que Marruecos está integrado.

El factor Su-57 argelino


La supuesta adquisición del Su-57 por Argelia añade una capa crítica al equilibrio regional. Aunque la producción y despliegue operativo de esta quinta generación aún es limitada, su existencia cambia la percepción de superioridad aérea.

Marruecos no puede depender únicamente de sus F-16 modernizados. Los rumores del Su-35 funcionan como herramienta de presión y señal: “tenemos alternativas si nuestros aliados no responden”

Señales estratégicas en acción

Este patrón se repite en la geopolítica militar:

  • Rival introduce capacidades avanzadas (Su-57 en Argelia)
  • Marruecos lanza rumores de escalada (Su-35)
  • Los aliados (EE.UU., Israel) observan y ajustan su respuesta

Resultado probable: adquisición de sistemas occidentales de alto nivel (F-15 o mejoras en F-16)

Implicaciones regionales

El rumor en sí mismo altera la percepción en el norte de África, aumenta la presión sobre Argelia y sus aliados occidentales y Marruecos mantiene flexibilidad estratégica mientras negocia con EE.UU. e Israel

Conclusión

Los rumores sobre el Su-35 tienen una baja probabilidad operativa, pero es uns alta señal estratégica. Un objetivo realista son el F-15  y mejoras avanzadas en los F-16. Con este rumor se estaría utilizando el Su-57 argelino como catalizador de las aspiraciones marroquíes

En el equilibrio aéreo norteafricano, la percepción es casi tan importante como la realidad, y Marruecos parece estar utilizando cada herramienta disponible para asegurarse un salto cualitativo frente a Argelia.

Mar 17, 2026

Spain Approves €30M for Naval Defense and a Potential Domestic Shield Against Drones and Rockets



The Spanish Council of Ministers has just greenlit a major strategic move to protect its fleet. With a budget of €29.6 million, the government has authorized a framework agreement to supply three advanced ship defense systems over the next six years.

The official reference is brief, but the message is clear: the Spanish Navy (Armada) is prioritizing C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System) and point-defense capabilities to face the "cheap but deadly" threats seen in recent conflicts like the Red Sea.

Focus on National Sovereignty

Everything points towards a "National Product" approach. The Spanish Ministry of Defense has been consistently supporting the domestic industry to ensure technological independence. This framework agreement is likely designed to integrate Spanish-made solutions into the fleet's defensive layers.

Potential National Solutions Under Review

While the specific models have not been officially confirmed, the Spanish defense industry offers several high-tier systems that align with the Navy's requirements:

  • Escribano M&E (Sentinel Series): This company is a key player in remote-controlled weapon stations (RWS). Their Sentinel 30 is already a known quantity for the Navy, providing "hard-kill" capabilities to neutralize drones and surface threats using advanced optronics and ballistic calculation.

  • Indra (Crow System): As a leader in electronic warfare, Indra’s Crow platform is often cited in C-UAS discussions. It offers a comprehensive "soft-kill" approach, using high-precision radars and jamming technology to disrupt drone signals before they reach their target.
  • TRC & Escribano (CERVUS/Guardian): Other domestic developments, such as the CERVUS platform, have already demonstrated effective command-and-control capabilities in countering unmanned aerial threats during military trials, making them strong candidates for naval adaptation.

Why This Investment Matters

The modern naval battlefield has changed. The Armada needs to protect high-value assets, such as the LHD Juan Carlos I or the F-100 frigates, against asymmetric threats. This investment ensures that Spanish vessels are equipped with smart, cost-effective technology to handle "swarm" attacks—where traditional missiles might be over-dimensioned or too expensive to use.

This framework agreement represents a strategic step for the Spanish defense sector, reinforcing the role of local engineering in protecting the nation's interests at sea.

Iranian drones leaking through air defenses may be forcing the U.S. to deploy Northrop Grumman E-2D Hawkeye to the Middle East


Recent open-source flight tracking suggests the United States may be reinforcing its airborne early warning capabilities in the Middle East by deploying additional Northrop Grumman E-2D Hawkeye aircraft to the region.

According to OSINT monitoring of transatlantic military flights, at least five U.S. Navy E-2D Hawkeyes crossed the Atlantic overnight, likely staging through Lajes Air Base, a key transatlantic logistics hub frequently used by U.S. forces moving between North America and Europe.


The aircraft reportedly flew in formation and were supported by aerial refueling tankers during the crossing, suggesting a long-range deployment that could ultimately bring them to the Middle East.

Iranian drones stressing regional air defenses

The possible deployment comes as Iranian drone activity continues to challenge regional air defense networks. Systems such as the Shahed-136 have demonstrated the ability to penetrate air defenses in multiple conflicts, thanks to their relatively small radar cross-section and low-altitude flight profiles.

Even advanced integrated air defense systems can struggle when confronted with large numbers of small, inexpensive drones launched simultaneously.

Aging AWACS aircraft under heavy operational demand



For years, the primary airborne surveillance platform in the region has been the Boeing E-3 Sentry, operated by the United States Air Force.

However, the platform is increasingly strained. The aircraft is based on the aging Boeing 707 airframe and many of the remaining E-3s have accumulated decades of heavy operational use.

While still capable, the radar architecture of the E-3 was originally designed to track large aircraft rather than swarms of low-flying drones.

Why the E-2D may be better suited for the mission

The Northrop Grumman E-2D Hawkeye, operated by the United States Navy, was specifically designed to counter modern threats such as cruise missiles and low-observable aerial targets.

Its AN/APY-9 AESA radar provides improved detection of small and low-altitude objects, allowing the aircraft to track large numbers of targets simultaneously across a wide battlespace.

This capability could prove particularly valuable in environments where drones represent an increasing share of the threat landscape.

A larger debate over the future of airborne early warning

The situation also highlights an ongoing debate within the United States Air Force, which has proposed retiring its aging AWACS fleet in favor of a future architecture based largely on space-based sensors.

The proposal has faced skepticism from analysts and members of the United States Congress, who argue that satellites alone cannot fully replace the real-time command-and-control capabilities provided by airborne early warning aircraft.

A sign of changing air warfare

If confirmed, the arrival of E-2D Hawkeyes in the region would underscore how modern air defense challenges are evolving. Small drones and low-cost aerial systems are increasingly capable of testing even advanced defense networks.

In that environment, platforms optimized for detecting low-observable threats—like the Hawkeye—may become more important than ever.